IT Networking no ka poʻe hoʻomaka
Pūnaewele IT no ka poʻe hoʻomaka: Intro
Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kamaʻilio mākou i nā kumu o ka ʻoihana IT. E uhi mākou i nā kumuhana e like me ka ʻoihana pūnaewele, nā polokalamu pūnaewele, a me nā lawelawe pūnaewele. Ma ka hopena o kēia ʻatikala, pono ʻoe e ʻike maikaʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻoihana IT.
He aha ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele?
ʻO ka pūnaewele lolouila kahi hui o nā kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻupena kamepiula ke kaʻana like i ka ʻikepili a me nā kumuwaiwai. No ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi pūnaewele kamepiula e kaʻana like i nā faila, nā mea paʻi, a me ka pili pūnaewele.
Nā ʻano o nā pūnaewele kamepiula
Aia he 7 ʻano maʻamau o nā pūnaewele kamepiula:
ʻO kahi pūnaewele puni honua (LAN): he pūʻulu kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia kekahi i kekahi ma kahi wahi liʻiliʻi e like me ka home, ke keʻena, a i ʻole ke kula.
Pūnaehana ʻĀpana Laulā (WAN): ʻO ka WAN kahi pūnaewele nui aʻe e hiki ke hoʻonui i nā hale a i ʻole nā ʻāina.
Pūnaehana Kūloko ʻole (WLAN): ʻO WLAN kahi LAN e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻenehana uila e hoʻopili i nā mea hana.
Pūnaewele Area Metropolitan (MAN): ʻO ka MAN kahi pūnaewele puni honua.
Pūnaewele Area Pilikino (PAN): ʻO ka PAN kahi pūnaewele e hoʻopili ai i nā pono pilikino e like me nā kamepiula, laptops, a me nā smartphones.
Pūnaehana Wahi Waihona (SAN): ʻO SAN kahi pūnaewele i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopili i nā mea mālama.
Pūnaehana Pilikino Virtual (VPN): ʻO ka VPN kahi pūnaewele pilikino e hoʻohana ana i kahi pūnaewele lehulehu (e like me ka pūnaewele) e hoʻopili i nā pūnaewele mamao a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohana.
Huaʻōlelo Loulou
Eia ka papa inoa o nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma Networking:
IP address: Every device on a network has a unique IP address. IP address is used to identify a device on a network. IP stands for Internet Protocol.
Nodes: A node is a device that is connected to a network. Examples of nodes include computers, printers, and routers.
Routers: A router is a device that forwards data packets between networks.
Switches: A switch is a device that connects multiple devices together on the same network. Switching allows for data to be sent only to the intended recipient.
Nā ʻano hoʻololi:
Circuit switching: In circuit switching, the connection between two devices is dedicated to that specific communication. Once the connection is established, it cannot be used by other devices.
Packet switching: In packet switching, data is divided into small packets. Each packet can take a different route to the destination. Packet switching is more efficient than circuit switching because it allows multiple devices to share the same network connection.
Message switching: Message switching is a type of packet switching that is used to send messages between computers.
Ports: Ports are used to connect devices to a network. Each device has multiple ports that can be used to connect to different types of networks.
Eia kahi hoʻohālikelike no nā awa: e noʻonoʻo i nā awa ma ke ʻano he puka i kou home. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka puka hoʻokahi e hoʻopili i ke kukui, TV, a i ʻole kamepiula.
Nā ʻano uwea pūnaewele
Aia he 4 mau ʻano maʻamau o nā kaula pūnaewele:
Uea coaxial: ʻO ke kelepona Coaxial kahi ʻano uwea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka TV uwea a me ka pūnaewele. Hana ʻia ia me ke kumu keleawe i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi mea insulating a me kahi kapa pale.
Uea hui wili: ʻO ke kaula wili ʻia he ʻano uwea i hoʻohana ʻia no nā pūnaewele Ethernet. Ua hana ia me na uwea keleawe elua i wili pu ia. Kōkua ka wili i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻopili.
uwea fiber optic: ʻO ke kaula fiber optic kahi ʻano uwea e hoʻohana ana i ka māmā e hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili. Hana ʻia ʻo ia me ke aniani a i ʻole nā polokalamu i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi mea pale.
Kelepona: ʻO ke kelepona kahi ʻano pūnaewele e hoʻohana ana i nā hawewe lekiō e hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili. ʻAʻole hoʻohana nā ʻupena uila i nā uwea kino e hoʻopili ai i nā polokalamu.
Nā Kumuhana Topologies
Aia 4 mau topologies pūnaewele maʻamau:
Bus topology: In a bus topology, all of the devices are connected to a single cable.
pono:
- Maʻalahi e hoʻopili i nā mea hou
- Maʻalahi e hoʻoponopono
keakea:
- Inā hāʻule ke kaula nui, e iho ka pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa
- Hoʻemi ka hana i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā mea hana i ka pūnaewele
Star topology: In a star topology, all of the devices are connected to a central device.
pono:
- Maʻalahi e hoʻohui a wehe i nā polokalamu
- Maʻalahi e hoʻoponopono
- Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa kona pili ponoʻī
keakea:
- Inā hāʻule ka mea kikowaena, e iho ka pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa
Ring topology: In a ring topology, each device is connected to two other devices.
pono:
- Maʻalahi e hoʻoponopono
- Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa kona pili ponoʻī
keakea:
- Inā hāʻule hoʻokahi mea hana, e iho ka pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa
- Hoʻemi ka hana i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā mea hana i ka pūnaewele
Mesh topology: In a mesh topology, each device is connected to every other device.
pono:
- Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa kona pili ponoʻī
- Hilinaʻi
- ʻAʻohe wahi hemahema
keakea:
- ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā topologies ʻē aʻe
- Paʻakikī e hoʻoponopono
- Hoʻemi ka hana i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā mea hana i ka pūnaewele
https://youtu.be/xpfV-gE5JTA
3 Nā Laʻana o nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele
Eia 1: Ma kahi hoʻonohonoho keʻena, pili nā kamepiula i kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele. Hāʻawi kēia pūnaewele i nā limahana e kaʻana like i nā faila a me nā mea paʻi.
Eia 2: Hiki i kahi pūnaewele home ke hoʻopili i nā polokalamu i ka pūnaewele a kaʻana like i ka ʻikepili me kekahi.
Eia 3: Hoʻohana ʻia kahi pūnaewele paʻa e hoʻopili i nā kelepona a me nā mea kelepona ʻē aʻe i ka pūnaewele a me kekahi.
Pehea e hana ai nā pūnaewele kamepiula me ka pūnaewele?
Hoʻohui nā pūnaewele kamepiula i nā mea hana i ka pūnaewele i hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio me kekahi. Ke hoʻopili ʻoe i ka pūnaewele, hoʻouna a loaʻa kāu kamepiula i ka ʻikepili ma o ka pūnaewele. Hoʻouna ʻia kēia ʻikepili ma ke ʻano o nā ʻeke. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻeke ike e pili ana i kahi i hele mai ai a i hea e hele ai. Hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻeke ma ka pūnaewele i ko lākou wahi e hele ai.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide the connection between computer networks and the internet. ISPs connect to computer networks through a process called peering. Peering is when two or more networks connect to each other so that they can exchange traffic. Traffic is the data that is sent between networks.
ʻEhā ʻano o nā pilina ISP:
- Kāhea ʻia: Hoʻohana ʻia kahi pilina dial-up i kahi laina kelepona e hoʻopili ai i ka pūnaewele. ʻO kēia ke ʻano pili lohi.
– DSL: Hoʻohana ka pilina DSL i kahi laina kelepona e hoʻopili ai i ka pūnaewele. He ʻano hoʻopili wikiwiki kēia ma mua o ka dial-up.
– Uea: Hoʻohana ka hoʻohui kelepona i kahi laina TV uwea e hoʻopili ai i ka pūnaewele. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka pilina ma mua o DSL.
– Uila: Hoʻohana ka pilina fiber i nā fiber optical e hoʻopili i ka pūnaewele. ʻO kēia ke ʻano hoʻopili wikiwiki loa.
Network Service Providers (NSPs) provide the connection between computer networks and the internet. NSPs connect to computer networks through a process called peering. Peering is when two or more networks connect to each other so that they can exchange traffic. Traffic is the data that is sent between networks.
ʻEhā ʻano o nā pilina NSP:
- Kāhea ʻia: Hoʻohana ʻia kahi pilina dial-up i kahi laina kelepona e hoʻopili ai i ka pūnaewele. ʻO kēia ke ʻano pili lohi.
– DSL: Hoʻohana ka pilina DSL i kahi laina kelepona e hoʻopili ai i ka pūnaewele. He ʻano hoʻopili wikiwiki kēia ma mua o ka dial-up.
– Uea: Hoʻohana ka hoʻohui kelepona i kahi laina TV uwea e hoʻopili ai i ka pūnaewele. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka pilina ma mua o DSL.
– Uila: Hoʻohana ka pilina fiber i nā fiber optical e hoʻopili i ka pūnaewele. ʻO kēia ke ʻano hoʻopili wikiwiki loa.
Hoʻolālā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele
ʻO ka hoʻolālā pūnaewele kamepiula ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kamepiula i kahi pūnaewele.
ʻO kahi hoʻolālā peer-to-peer (P2P). he hale hoʻolālā pūnaewele kahi mea kūʻai aku a me kahi kikowaena. Ma kahi pūnaewele P2P,ʻaʻohe kikowaena kikowaena. Hoʻopili kēlā me kēia mea hana i kekahi mea ma ka pūnaewele e kaʻana like i nā kumuwaiwai.
ʻO kahi hale kūʻai mea kūʻai aku (C/S). he hale hoʻolālā pūnaewele kahi mea kūʻai a kikowaena paha kēlā me kēia mea. Ma kahi pūnaewele C / S, aia kahi kikowaena kikowaena e hāʻawi i nā lawelawe i nā mea kūʻai. Hoʻopili nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kikowaena e kiʻi i nā kumuwaiwai.
ʻO kahi hoʻolālā papa ʻekolu he hale hoʻolālā pūnaewele kahi mea kūʻai a kikowaena paha kēlā me kēia mea. I loko o kahi pūnaewele ʻekolu, aia ʻekolu ʻano o nā mea hana:
– Clients: A client is a device that connects to a network.
– Servers: A server is a device that provides services to clients on a.
– Protocols: A protocol is a set of rules that govern how devices communicate on a network.
A mesh architecture is a network architecture in which each device is connected to every other device on the network. In a mesh network, there is no central server. Each device connects to every other device on the network to share resources.
A topology mesh piha ʻO kahi hoʻolālā mesh kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai kēlā me kēia mea hana i kēlā me kēia mea hana ma ka pūnaewele. Ma kahi topology mesh piha, ʻaʻohe kikowaena kikowaena. Hoʻopili kēlā me kēia mea hana i kēlā me kēia mea hana ma ka pūnaewele e kaʻana like i nā kumuwaiwai.
A ʻāpana mesh topology ʻO ia kahi hoʻolālā mesh kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai kekahi mau mea hana i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe a pau ma ka pūnaewele, akā ʻaʻole pili nā mea hana a pau i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Ma kahi topology mesh hapa, ʻaʻohe kikowaena kikowaena. Hoʻopili kekahi mau mea hana i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele, akā ʻaʻole pili nā mea hana a pau i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
A pūnaewele mesh uea (WMN) he pūnaewele mesh e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻenehana uila e hoʻopili i nā polokalamu. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā WMN ma nā wahi ākea, e like me nā paka a me nā hale kūʻai kofe, kahi e paʻakikī ai ke kau ʻana i kahi pūnaewele mesh uea.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka Load Balancers
ʻO ka load balancers nā mea hana e puʻunaue ana i nā kaʻa ma waena o kahi pūnaewele. Hoʻomaikaʻi nā mea kaulike hoʻouka i ka hana ma o ka puʻunaue like ʻana i nā kaʻa ma waena o nā mea hana ma kahi pūnaewele.
ʻO ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā mea kaulike hoʻouka
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka load balancers i nā pūnaewele kahi i nui ai ke kaʻa. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea kaulike i nā kikowaena ʻikepili a me nā mahiʻai pūnaewele.
Pehea ka hana ʻana o nā mea kau kaulike
Hāʻawi ka load balancers i nā kaʻa ma waena o kahi pūnaewele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano algorithms. ʻO ka algorithm maʻamau ka round-robin algorithm.
ka round-robin algorithm He algorithm hoʻohālikelike hoʻoili e puʻunaue like i nā kaʻa ma waena o nā mea hana ma kahi pūnaewele. Hana ʻia ka algorithm round-robin ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i kēlā me kēia noi hou i ka mea aʻe ma kahi papa inoa.
ʻO ka algorithm round-robin kahi algorithm maʻalahi e maʻalahi e hoʻokō. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ka round-robin algorithm i ka hiki o nā mea hana ma ka pūnaewele. ʻO ka hopena, hiki i ka round-robin algorithm ke hoʻonui i nā mea hana i kekahi manawa.
Eia kekahi laʻana, ināʻekolu mau mea ma kahi pūnaewele, e hoʻouna ka round-robin algorithm i ka noi mua i ka mea mua, ka lua o ka noi i ka lua, a me ke kolu o ka noi i ke kolu. E hoʻouna ʻia ka hā o ka noi i ka mīkini mua, a pēlā aku.
No ka pale ʻana i kēia pilikia, hoʻohana kekahi mau mea kaulike haʻahaʻa i nā algorithm ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, e like me ka algorithm liʻiliʻi loa.
ka liʻiliʻi-hoʻohui algorithm ʻO ia kahi algorithm e hoʻouna i kēlā me kēia noi hou i ka hāmeʻa me ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā pilina ikaika. ʻO ka algorithm pili liʻiliʻi e hana ma ka mālama ʻana i ka helu o nā pilina ikaika no kēlā me kēia mea ma ka pūnaewele.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka algorithm pili liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka round-robin algorithm, a hiki ke hoʻohele maikaʻi i nā kaʻa ma waena o kahi pūnaewele. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopili liʻiliʻi loa ma mua o ka algorithm round-robin.
No ka laʻana, inā ʻekolu mau mea ma kahi pūnaewele, a ʻelua mau pilina ikaika ka mea mua, ʻo ka lua o nā mea hoʻohana ʻehā, a ʻo ke kolu o ka mea hoʻohana i hoʻokahi pili ikaika, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ka algorithm e hoʻouna i ka noi ʻehā i ka mea kolu.
Hiki nō hoʻi i ka load balancers ke hoʻohana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā algorithms e puʻunaue i nā kaʻa ma waena o kahi pūnaewele. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana paha ka mea hoʻohālikelike ukana i ka algorithm round-robin e puʻunaue like i nā kaʻa ma waena o nā mea hana ma kahi pūnaewele, a laila hoʻohana i ka algorithm liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻouna i nā noi hou i ka hāmeʻa me nā mea liʻiliʻi loa.
Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mea kaulike ukana
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea kaulike ukana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho like ʻole. ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho koʻikoʻi ʻo ia nā algorithms i hoʻohana ʻia no ka puʻunaue ʻana i nā kaʻa, a me nā mea hana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻauʻau hoʻohālikelike.
Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho lima ʻia nā mea kaulike hoʻouka, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻonohonoho aunoa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa i nā pūnaewele kahi i nui ai nā mea hana, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho manual i nā pūnaewele liʻiliʻi.
I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi mea kaulike ukana, he mea nui e koho i nā algorithms kūpono, a e hoʻokomo i nā mea hana a pau e hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka pūnāwai ukana.
Ke ho'āʻo nei i nā mea kau kaulike
Hiki ke ho'āʻo ʻia nā mea kaulike hoʻouka me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole hana. ʻO ka mea paahana koʻikoʻi he mea hoʻokele kaʻa pūnaewele.
A mea hoʻoheheʻe kaʻa pūnaewele he mea hana e hoʻopuka ai i nā kaʻa ma kahi pūnaewele. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kaʻa pūnaewele e hoʻāʻo i ka hana ʻana o nā hāmeʻa pūnaewele, e like me ka load balancers.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana kaʻa kaʻa pūnaewele no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano kaʻa like ʻole, e komo pū ana me HTTP traffic, TCP traffic, a me UDP traffic.
Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ka load balancers me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hana benchmarking. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana benchmarking e ana i ka hana o nā mea hana ma kahi pūnaewele.
Nā mea hana hoʻohālikelike hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e ana i ka hana o nā mea kaulike ma lalo o nāʻano likeʻole, e like me nā ukana likeʻole, nā kūlana pūnaewele likeʻole, a me nā hoʻonohonoho likeʻole.
Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ka load balancers me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hana nānā. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana nānā e nānā i ka hana o nā mea hana ma kahi pūnaewele.
ʻO nā mea hana nānā hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no ka hahaiʻana i ka hana o nā mea kaulike ma lalo o nāʻano likeʻole, e like me nā ukana likeʻole, nā kūlana pūnaewele likeʻole, a me nā hoʻonohonoho likeʻole.
I ka Hopena:
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ka load balancers o nā pūnaewele he nui. Hoʻohana ʻia ka load balancers e puʻunaue i nā kaʻa ma waena o kahi pūnaewele, a e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā noi pūnaewele.
Pūnaewele lawe ʻike ʻike (CDN)
ʻO kahi Pūnaewele Hoʻolaha Maʻiʻo (CDN) kahi pūnaewele o nā kikowaena i hoʻohana ʻia e hāʻawi i nā ʻike i nā mea hoʻohana.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā CDN e hāʻawi i nā ʻike i loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi CDN e hāʻawi i nā ʻike mai kahi kikowaena ma ʻEulopa i kahi mea hoʻohana ma Asia.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā CDN e hāʻawi i nā ʻike i loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi CDN e hāʻawi i nā ʻike mai kahi kikowaena ma ʻEulopa i kahi mea hoʻohana ma Asia.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā CDN e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā pūnaewele a me nā noi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā CDN e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike.
Ke hoʻonohonoho nei i nā CDN
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā CDN me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho like ʻole. ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho koʻikoʻi ʻo ia nā kikowaena i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopuka i nā ʻike, a me nā ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e ka CDN.
Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho lima ʻia nā CDN, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa i nā pūnaewele kahi i nui ai nā mea hana, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho manual i nā pūnaewele liʻiliʻi.
I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi CDN, he mea nui e koho i nā kikowaena kūpono, a e hoʻonohonoho i ka CDN e hāʻawi i nā ʻike i koi ʻia.
Ke ho'āʻo nei i nā CDN
Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nā CDN me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana like ʻole. ʻO ka mea paahana koʻikoʻi he mea hoʻokele kaʻa pūnaewele.
ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kaʻa pūnaewele he mea hana e hoʻopuka ai i nā kaʻa ma kahi pūnaewele. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomohala pūnaewele e hoʻāʻo i ka hana ʻana o nā polokalamu pūnaewele, e like me nā CDN.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana kaʻa kaʻa pūnaewele no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano kaʻa like ʻole, e komo pū ana me HTTP traffic, TCP traffic, a me UDP traffic.
Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nā CDN me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hana benchmarking. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana benchmarking e ana i ka hana o nā mea hana ma kahi pūnaewele.
Nā mea hana hoʻohālikelike hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e ana i ka hana o nā CDN ma lalo o nāʻano likeʻole, e like me nā ukana likeʻole, nā kūlana pūnaewele likeʻole, a me nā hoʻonohonoho likeʻole.
Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nā CDN me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hana nānā. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana nānā e nānā i ka hana o nā mea hana ma kahi pūnaewele.
ʻO nā mea hana nānā hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e nānā i ka hana o nā CDN ma lalo o nāʻano likeʻole, e like me nā ukana likeʻole, nā kūlana pūnaewele likeʻole, a me nā hoʻonohonoho likeʻole.
I ka Hopena:
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nā CDN o nā pūnaewele he nui. Hoʻohana ʻia nā CDN e hāʻawi i nā ʻike i nā mea hoʻohana, a e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā pūnaewele a me nā noi. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho lima ʻia nā CDN, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi. Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nā CDN me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hana like ʻole, e komo pū ana me nā mea hoʻomohala pūnaewele a me nā mea hana benchmarking. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana nānā e nānā i ka hana o nā CDN.
Panel e malu ai
ʻO ka palekana pūnaewele ka hana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi pūnaewele kamepiula mai ka ʻae ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā helu komo i loko o kahi pūnaewele pū kekahi:
– Physical access to the network: This includes access to the network hardware, such as routers and switches.
– Logical access to the network: This includes access to the network software, such as the operating system and applications.
Aia nā kaʻina hana palekana pūnaewele:
- ʻIkepili: ʻO kēia ke kaʻina o ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea a i ʻole ka mea e hoʻāʻo nei e komo i ka pūnaewele.
– Hōʻoia: ʻO kēia ke kaʻina o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pono o ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻohana a i ʻole ka mea hana.
– Manaʻo: ʻO kēia ke kaʻina hana o ka hāʻawi ʻana a hōʻole paha i ke komo ʻana i ka pūnaewele ma muli o ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻohana a i ʻole ka mea hana.
– Heluhelu: ʻO kēia ke kaʻina o ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i nā hana pūnaewele āpau.
Aia nā ʻenehana palekana pūnaewele:
– Nā pā ahi: ʻO ka pā ahi he mea lako a lako polokalamu e kānana i ke kaʻa ma waena o ʻelua pūnaewele.
- Pūnaehana ʻike komo: ʻO ka ʻōnaehana ʻike intrusion he polokalamu lako polokalamu e nānā i ka hana ʻoihana pūnaewele no nā hōʻailona o ke komo ʻana.
- Nā pūnaewele pilikino pilikino: ʻO kahi pūnaewele pilikino virtual he ala paʻa ma waena o ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā mea hana.
Nā kulekele palekana pūnaewele ʻo ia nā lula a me nā hoʻoponopono e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ke komo ʻana o kahi pūnaewele. Hoʻopili maʻamau nā kulekele i nā kumuhana e like me ka hoʻohana ʻae ʻia, hua huna hooponopono, a me ka palekana ikepili. He mea koʻikoʻi nā kulekele palekana no ka mea kōkua lākou e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka pūnaewele ma ke ʻano palekana a me ke kuleana.
I ka hoʻolālāʻana i kahi kulekele palekana pūnaewele, pono e noʻonoʻo i kēia mau mea:
– The type of network: The security policy should be appropriate for the type of network being used. For example, a policy for a corporate intranet will be different from a policy for a public website.
– The size of the network: The security policy should be appropriate for the size of the network. For example, a policy for a small office network will be different from a policy for a large enterprise network.
– The users of the network: The security policy should take into account the needs of the users of the network. For example, a policy for a network used by employees will be different from a policy for a network used by customers.
– The resources of the network: The security policy should take into account the types of resources that are available on the network. For example, a policy for a network with sensitive data will be different from a policy for a network with public data.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka palekana o ka pūnaewele no kēlā me kēia hui e hoʻohana ana i nā kamepiula e mālama a kaʻana like i ka ʻikepili. Ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kulekele palekana a me nā ʻenehana, hiki i nā hui ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kā lākou pūnaewele mai ka ʻae ʻole ʻia a me ka komo ʻana.
Nā kulekele hoʻohana ʻae ʻia
ʻO ke kulekele hoʻohana ʻae ʻia he pūʻulu kānāwai e wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele kamepiula. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kahi kulekele hoʻohana ʻae ʻia i nā kumuhana e like me ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka pūnaewele, ka hoʻokele password, a me ka palekana ʻikepili. He mea koʻikoʻi nā kulekele hoʻohana e ʻae ʻia no ka mea kōkua lākou e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka pūnaewele me ke ʻano palekana a me ke kuleana.
Manaʻoka hua ʻōlelo
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōlelo huna ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana, mālama a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōlelo huna. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōlelo huna no ke komo ʻana i nā pūnaewele kamepiula, nā noi, a me nā ʻikepili. Hoʻopili maʻamau nā kulekele hoʻokele password i nā kumuhana e like me ka ikaika o ka ʻōlelo huna, ka pau ʻana o ka ʻōlelo huna, a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo huna.
ʻIkepili e malu ai
ʻO ka palekana ʻikepili ka hana o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻikepili mai ka ʻae ʻole ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻenehana palekana ʻikepili i ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka mana ʻike, a me ka pale ʻana i ka leakage data. Hoʻopili maʻamau nā kulekele palekana ʻikepili i nā kumuhana e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻikepili a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻikepili.
Papa inoa Hoʻopaʻa palekana
- E wehewehe i ka laulā o ka pūnaewele.
- E ʻike i nā waiwai ma ka pūnaewele.
- E hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻikepili ma ka pūnaewele.
- E koho i nā ʻenehana palekana kūpono.
- E hoʻokō i nā ʻenehana palekana.
- E ho'āʻo i nā ʻenehana palekana.
- e kau i nā ʻenehana palekana.
- E nānā i ka pūnaewele no nā hōʻailona o ke komo ʻana.
- pane i nā hanana komo.
- hōʻano hou i nā kulekele palekana a me nā ʻenehana inā pono.
Ma ka palekana pūnaewele, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā polokalamu a me nā lako hana he mea nui ia o ka noho ʻana ma mua o ka pihi. Ke ʻike mau ʻia nei nā mea nāwaliwali hou, a ke kūkulu ʻia nei nā hoʻouka hou. Ma ka mālama ʻana i nā polokalamu a me nā lako lako i nā lā hou, hiki ke pale maikaʻi ʻia nā pūnaewele mai kēia mau mea hoʻoweliweli.
He kumuhana paʻakikī ka palekana o ka pūnaewele, a ʻaʻohe hopena hoʻokahi e pale i kahi pūnaewele mai nā mea hoʻoweliweli āpau. ʻO ka pale maikaʻi loa e kū'ē i nā hoʻoweliweli palekana pūnaewele he ala papa e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻenehana a me nā kulekele.
He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele kamepiula?
Nui nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele kamepiula, e like me:
– Increased productivity: Employees can share files and printers, which makes it easier to get work done.
– Reduced costs: Networks can save money by sharing resources like printers and scanners.
– Improved communication: Networks make it easy to send messages and connect with others.
– Increased security: Networks can help to protect data by controlling who has access to it.
– Improved reliability: Networks can provide redundancy, which means that if one part of the network goes down, the other parts can still function.
hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
He kumuhana paʻakikī ka ʻupena IT, akā pono e hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala iā ʻoe i ka ʻike maikaʻi o nā kumu. Ma nā ʻatikala e hiki mai ana, e kūkākūkā mākou i nā kumuhana ʻoi aʻe e like me ka palekana pūnaewele a me ka hoʻoponopono pilikia pūnaewele.
