He aha kāu e pono ai e ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana hana?
Table of Contents
E lawe i hoʻokahi minuke e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i kāu ʻōnaehana hana.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hana ka polokalamu kumu nui e holo ana ma kāu kamepiula.
He kumu ia no ka hana ana o na mea a pau.
He aha ka ʻōnaehana hana?
ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana hana (OS) ka papahana nui ma kahi kamepiula.
Hana ia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, me
E hoʻoholo ana i nā ʻano o lako polokalamu hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouka
Hoʻonohonoho i nā polokalamu e holo ana ma ke kamepiula i kēlā me kēia manawa
E hoʻopaʻa pono i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o nā lako, e like me nā mea paʻi, nā kīpē, a me nā disk drive, e kamaʻilio pono nā mea āpau
Ka ʻae ʻana i nā noi e like me nā mea hoʻoponopono huaʻōlelo, nā mea leka uila, a me nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele e hana i nā hana ma ka ʻōnaehana e like me ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā puka makani ma ka pale, wehe i nā faila, ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma kahi pūnaewele a hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea paʻi, a me nā disk drive.
Hōʻike i nā memo hewa
Hoʻoholo pū ka OS pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai ike a hana i na hana.
Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana hana i kahi mea hoʻohana kiʻi kiʻi a i ʻole GUI, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike ma o nā kiʻi me nā kiʻi, nā pihi, a me nā pahu kamaʻilio a me nā huaʻōlelo.
Hiki i kekahi mau ʻōnaehana hana ke hilinaʻi nui i nā pilina kikokikona ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Pehea ʻoe e koho ai i kahi ʻōnaehana hana?
Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi loa, ke koho ʻoe e kūʻai i kamepiula, ke koho pinepine nei ʻoe i kahi ʻōnaehana hana.
ʻOiai hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi, hoʻouna maʻamau nā mea kūʻai aku i nā kamepiula me kahi ʻōnaehana hana.
Nui nā ʻōnaehana hana, kēlā me kēia me nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole a me nā pōmaikaʻi, akā ʻo nā mea ʻekolu ka mea maʻamau:
Windows
Windows, me nā mana me Windows XP, Windows Vista, a me Windows 7, ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana hana maʻamau no nā mea hoʻohana home.
Hana ʻia e Microsoft a hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ma nā mīkini i kūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai uila a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai aku e like me Dell a i ʻole Gateway.
Hoʻohana ka Windows OS i kahi GUI, kahi i ʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana he ʻoi aku ka hoihoi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohana ma mua o nā pilina pili kikokikona.
Mac OS X
Hana ʻia e Apple, ʻo Mac OS X ka ʻōnaehana hana i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā kamepiula Macintosh.
ʻOiai ke hoʻohana nei ʻo ia i kahi GUI ʻē aʻe, ua like ia me ka manaʻo o ka Windows interface ma ke ʻano o kāna hana.
Linux a me nā ʻōnaehana hana UNIX i loaʻa mai
ʻO Linux a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe i loaʻa mai ka ʻōnaehana hana UNIX e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā kikowaena hana kūikawā a me nā kikowaena, e like me nā kikowaena pūnaewele a me nā leka uila.
Ma muli o ka paʻakikī pinepine no nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau a i ʻole e koi i ka ʻike kūikawā a me nā mākau e hana ai, ʻaʻole kaulana lākou i nā mea hoʻohana home ma mua o nā koho ʻē aʻe.
Eia naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei lākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a lilo i mea maʻalahi i ka hoʻohana ʻana, e lilo paha lākou i mea kaulana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohana home maʻamau.
Nā Pūnaehana Hana vs. Firmware
An pae'ōnaehana nenoaiu (OS) ʻo ia ka polokalamu ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi e hoʻokele i nā kumuwaiwai lako polokalamu, lako lako, a hāʻawi i nā lawelawe maʻamau i nā polokalamu kamepiula. Eia kekahi, mālama ʻo ia i nā kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ke kamepiula, me ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ke kamepiula me ka ʻike ʻole i ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo mīkini. Me ka ʻole o ka OS, ʻaʻole pono ke kamepiula a i ʻole kekahi mea uila.
Mālama ka OS o kāu kamepiula i nā lako lako a me nā lako lako polokalamu ma ke kamepiula. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa he nui nā polokalamu kamepiula e holo like ana, a pono lākou a pau e komo i ke kikowaena hana kikowaena (CPU), mālama, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo o kāu kamepiula. Ke kamaʻilio nei ka OS me kēia mau mea a pau e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēlā me kēia kumuwaiwai i kāna mea e pono ai.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i kaulana ka huaʻōlelo e like me ka ʻenehana a i ʻole ka lako polokalamu, aia ka firmware ma nā wahi āpau - ma kāu mau polokalamu kelepona, ka motherboard o kāu kamepiula, a me kāu kaohi mamao TV. He ʻano polokalamu kūikawā ia e lawelawe ana i kahi kumu kūʻokoʻa loa no kahi ʻāpana lako. ʻOiai he mea maʻamau iā ʻoe ke hoʻouka a wehe i ka polokalamu ma kāu PC a i ʻole kelepona, hiki ʻole paha ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka firmware ma kahi hāmeʻa. Eia kekahi, e hana wale ʻoe inā noi ʻia ʻoe e ka mea hana e hoʻoponopono i kahi pilikia.
He aha ke ʻano o nā lako uila i loaʻa nā ʻōnaehana hana?
Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i nā mea uila, me nā smartphones, kamepiula, laptops, a i ʻole nā mea hana lima lima ʻē aʻe, i kēlā me kēia manawa. A ke holo nei ka hapa nui o kēia mau polokalamu ma kahi OS. Eia naʻe, he liʻiliʻi wale nō ka poʻe i ʻike i ka hiki o ka OS a me ke kumu i hoʻokomo mua ʻia ai ma ka hapa nui o nā polokalamu.
ʻOiai e ʻike ʻoe i ka hapa nui o nā kamepiula a me nā PC e holo ana ma Windows, Linux, a i ʻole macOS, e holo ana ka hapa nui o nā smartphones a me nā polokalamu kelepona ʻē aʻe ma Android a i ʻole iOS. ʻOiai ʻokoʻa ka hapa nui o ka OS, ua like loa ko lākou hiki a me kā lākou hoʻolālā. Nā pūnaehana hana mai holo wale ma luna o nā mea uila maʻamau e like me nā smartphones a i ʻole kamepiula. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea paʻakikī e holo i kahi OS ma hope.
A hiki i 2019, hele mai ka iPad me ka iOS proprietary. I kēia manawa, aia kāna OS ponoʻī i kapa ʻia ʻo iPadOS. Eia naʻe, ke holo mau nei ka iPod Touch ma iOS.
ʻO wai ka ʻōnaehana palekana loa?
Hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻohe ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole hui pū ʻia o nā ʻenehana e hoʻoholo ai i kahi pae'ōnaehana nenoaiu ma ke ʻano he "ʻoi aku ka palekana" ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he aha ke ala maikaʻi loa e pane ai i kēia nīnau?
Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻōlelo a kekahi mau mea hana OS, ʻaʻole ʻo ka palekana kahi ʻāpana āu e hoʻokumu ai i kahi OS. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo ka palekana kahi mea hiki iā ʻoe ke "hoʻohui" a i ʻole "wehe". ʻOiai ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana, codesigning, a me ka sandboxing he ʻano āpau o ka palekana maikaʻi, ʻo ka palekana ʻoihana he noi a i ʻole nā papahana e pono ai i kāu DNA hui.
I kēia manawa, ʻo OpenBSD ka mea palekana loa pae'ōnaehana nenoaiu loaʻa ma ka mākeke. ʻO ia kekahi o ia OS e pani i kēlā me kēia pilikia palekana palekana, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka palekana nā pilikia ākea hamama. I kēia manawa, pili ia i ka mea hoʻohana e koho me ka ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona e wehe. ʻAʻole wale kēia e haʻi i nā mea hoʻohana i kahi e pilikia ai lākou akā e hōʻike pū ana iā lākou pehea e wehe ai a pani i nā ʻano pilikia palekana.
Inā makemake ʻoe i ka pāʻani nā pūnaewele hana, ʻO OpenBSD ka OS kūpono no ʻoe. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana mau i kahi kamepiula, a laila e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka Windows a i ʻole iOS i kau mua ʻia.
